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. 2019 May 15;9:7414. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43576-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vivo effect of PAT-048 on serum ATX activity. ATX activity in serum obtained from mice before ureteral ligation (Day0) and ten days after ureteral ligation (Day10) treated with PAT-048 or vehicle (n = 5 mice/group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM concentrations of liberated choline per minute. n.s.; not significant.