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. 2019 May 15;9:7414. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43576-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pharmacological inhibition of ATX partially protects mice from UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. (a) Representative Sirius red-stained kidney sections of vehicle-treated and PAT-048-treated mice (magnification × 200). Bars, 100 μm. (b) Quantitative analysis of Sirius red staining in kidney sections (Day 10, n = 5 mice/group). (c) Relative mRNA levels of Col1a1 in renal cortex obtained from vehicle-treated and PAT-048-treated mice following UUO (Day 10, n = 5 mice/group). ΔΔCT method was used to calculate relative gene expression of Col1a1 with GAPDH being the internal control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (d) Numbers of GFP⁺ cells in the kidney from mice treated vehicle or PAT-048 (Day 10, n = 5 mice/group). Data are expressed as the mean number ± SEM per HPF.