Table 6.
Population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin in adult patients
| Author | Population | Sample size | Age (years) | No. of model | PopPK model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lin [10] | Adult Chinese patients | 179 | 51.6 ± 16.9 | 1 | CL (L/h) = 7.56 × (CLCR/104.71)0.886; Vd (L) = 101 | |
| Deng [7] | Adult Chinese patients | 72 | NA | 1 | CL (L/h) = 4.90 (CLCR ≥ 80 ml/min); CL (L/h) = 0.0654 × CLCR if CLCR < 80 ml/min.; Vd (L) = 47.76 |
|
| Leu [11] | MRSA infectors | 76 | NA | 1 | CL (mL/min) = CLCR; Vd (L) = (0.17 × AGE) + (0.22 × ABW) + 15 |
|
| Revilla [12] | ICU patients | 191 | 61.1 ± 16.3 | 1 | CL (mL/min/kg) = 0.67 × CLCR + AGE-0.24; Vd (L/kg) = 0.82 × 2.49 × A A = 0 or 1 if SCR ≤ or SCR > 1 mg/dl |
|
| Sanchez [6] | Adult patients | 141 | 55 ± 14.58 | 2 | CL (L/h) = 0.157 + 0.563 × CLCR; V1 (L) = 0.283 × TBW; V2 (L) = 32.2 × AGE/53.5; Q = 0.563 × TBW |
|
| Tanaka [13] | Adult patients | 164 | 74 (17–95) | 1 | CL (L/h) = 0.875 × GFR; Vd (L) = 0.864 (L/kg) | |
| Dolton [14] | Burn patients | 70 | 34 (15–88) | 2 | CL (L/h) = 4.7 × (CLCR/6.53); | |
| Control patients | 72 (38 ~ 95) |
V1 (L) = 68.4 × WT/70-33.1 × BURN; V2 (L) = 73(L/h) × WT/70; Q (L/h) = 4.54 |
||||
| Yamamoto [15] | Healthy people | 106 | 21.7 (20 ~ 25) | 2 | CL (L/h) = 3.83, if CLCR ≤ 85 mL/min CL (L/h) = 0.0322 × CLCR + 0.32, if CLCR < 85 mL/min; Vd (L) = 0.206 × WT |
|
| Llopis-Salvia [16] | Adult patients | 50 | 60 (18–81) | 2 | CL(L/h) = 0.034 × CLCR + 0.015 × TBW; V1 (L/h) = 0.414 × TBW; V2 (L/kg) = 1.32 × TBW; Q (L/h) = 7.48 |
|
| Staatz [17] | Adult patients | 102 | 66 (17–7) | 1 | CL(L/h) = 2.97 × (1 + 0.0205 × (CLCR − CLCRmedian)); Vd (L/h) = 1.24 |
|
| Buelga [18] | Blood cancer patients | 215 | 64.7 ± 11.3 | 1 | CL (L/h) = 1.08 × CLCR; Vd (L) = 0.98 × WT(L/kg) | |
| Yasuhara [19] | Adult patients | 190 | 64.3 (19.3–89.6) | 2 | CL (L/h) = 0.0478 × CLCR (CLce ≤ 85 mL/min) CL (L/h) = 3.51 × CLCR (CLCR > 85 mL/min); V1 = 60.7; V2 = 24.63; Q = 60.7 |
|
| Lin Zhong [20] | Adult infected patients | 98 | 52.9 ± 17.2 | 1 | CL (L/h) = 0.18 × (Scr)0.19 × (Sex)0.31; V1 (L) = = 20.85 × (Scr)0.52 × (Age)0.23 × (WT)0.98 |
|
| Liu Chang [21] | Adult patients | 276 | 40.83 ± 21.23 | 1 | CL (L/h) = (3.35 × Infection + (1-Infection) × 6.74) × e0.0829; Vd (L) = (42.8 × Infection + (1-infection) × 26.6) × e0.147 Infected population Infection = 1, no-infected population Infection = 0 |
|
| Wang Rong [22] | Severe patients in neurosurgery | 42 | 53 ± 14 | 2 | CL (L/h) = 3.55 × (CLCR/94.1)0.84; V1 (L) = (62.8 − ALB) × (AGE/57.9)0.37; V2 (L) = 35.4 × (1 + (0.81 × GEND) × e(AGE−57.9) × 0.03; Q = 7.04 |
|
| Zhang Jin [8] | Elderly patients | 64 | 73.99 ± 6.90 | 1 | CL (L/h) = 4.23 × (CLCR/76.82)0.774; V (L) = 71.4 | |
| Chen Bing [23] | Adult patients | 169 | 47.3 ± 19.6 | 2 | CL (L/h) = 4.02 × (CLCR/90)0.58; V1 (L) = 21.8; V2 (L) = 67.1; Q (L/h) = 6.01 | |
| He Xiaorong [24] | Elderly patients | 260 | 76.79 ± 11.18 | 1 | CL (L/h) = (1.71 + 8.31 × (1 − e(−0.0113(L/h)×CL)CR)) × 0.475(AGE/72) Vd (L) = 26.2 × 0.475[AGE/72] |
|
| Weng Fangjuan [25] | Adult Gram-positive bacterial infection in ICU | 103 | NA | 1 | CL (L/h) = 0.044 × CLCR; V1 (L) = 0.542 × AGE; V2 (L) = 44.2; Q (L/h) = 6.95 |
|
| Wu Wei [26] | Adult patients | 100 | 51.75 ± 16.54 | 1 | CL (L/h) = 7.56 × (CLCR/104.7133)0.886; Vd (L) = 101 | |
| Meng Long [27] | NA | 129 | NA | 2 | CL (L/h) = 3.56 × (CLCR/94.1)0.85; V1 (L) = (31 − (ALB-33.1) × 108) × (AGE/57.9)0.34; V2 (L) = 21.6 × (1 + 1.27 × SEX); Q (L/h) = 5.94 |
|
| Wang Yang [28] | Severe lower respiratory tract infection patients | 70 | NA | 2 | CL (L/h) = 1.67 × e(η1), V1 (L) = 33.04 × [1 − 0.199 × (60/SCR)] × e(η2) V2 (L) = 19.29 × e(η4) Q (L/h) = 7.08 × 2.053(ALB) × e(η3), |
|
CLCR creatinine clearance rate, Vd volume of distribution, V1 volume of distribution of the central compartment; V2 volume of distribution of the peripheral compartment, Q intercompartmental clearance, GEND gender, WT bodyweight, SCR serum creatinine