6-MSA production by different MSASs in high-OD fermentations. Yeast strain CEN.PK2–1C carrying the empty vectors pJHV7 and pRS62H as control (purple), and strains expressing optnpgA (pJHV2) and the MSAS variants PpvarMSAS (pJHV17; light blue), AniMSAS (pJHV5; black), PpMSAS (pJHV11; green) or PpoptMSAS (pJHV36; orange) from multi-copy plasmids were inoculated at an OD of 9, and cultivated for 144 h at 30 °C in 25 mL YPD supplemented with G418 and hygromycin. 6-MSA concentrations were determined in the supernatants. Error bars represent the standard deviation of biological duplicates. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)