TRPV1 inhibitor SB-36679 (SB) reduces the increase in spontaneous and asynchronous activity in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-exposed rats. A and C: diary of events for individual normoxic (NORM; A) and CIH-exposed (C) cells before and after TRPV1 inhibition with SB (10 µM). Note the decrease in asynchronous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) after TRPV1 inhibition. Events before tractus solitarii (TS) stimulation are fit with a linear regression. Events following TS stimulation are fit via nonlinear curve (aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid) or linear regression (SB). Data are plotted as events per 100 ms. B and D: grouped data for NORM (B) and CIH (D) show depression of baseline, peak, and average events following stimulation [2-way RM ANOVA, NORM (n = 5): EPSC, P = 0.003; drug, P = 0.02; EPSC × drug, P = 0.05; CIH (n = 5): EPSC, P = 0.007; drug, P = 0.08; EPSC × drug, P = 0.01]. Dashed line in indicates aCSF baseline events. Ave, average; Bsl, baseline. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 vs. baseline (pre TS-stimulation) with Bonferroni multiple comparison. $P < 0.05; $$P < 0.01; $$$P < 0.001; $$$$P < 0.0001, SB vs. aCSF control with Bonferroni multiple comparison.