. 2019 Apr 19;11(4):880. doi: 10.3390/nu11040880

Table 1.

Body weight and serum biochemical parameters of rats fed natural or artificial sweeteners with and without high fat.

Group	Body Weight (g)	Glucose (mg/dL)	Insulin (ng/mL)	Leptin (ng/mL)
C + W	546.4 ± 12.6 ^c	79.19 ± 3.3 ^c	0.24 ± 0.05 ^h	3.92 ± 0.08 ^g
HF + W	628.2 ± 16 ^a	93.55 ± 3.7 ^{b, c}	2.40 ± 0.17 ^g	17.58 ± 0.24 ^d
C + 10%S	680 ± 16.33 ^a	143.5 ± 3.5 ^a,b	5.00 ± 0.21 ^e	9.48 ± 0.43 ^e
HF + 10%S	720.2 ± 3.5 ^a	174.8 ± 7.1 ^a	6.78 ± 0.24 ^b	35.62 ± 1.17 ^b
C + 10%F	558.5 ± 1 ^b	115.4 ± 6.2 ^b	2.83 ± 5.4 ^g	6.92 ± 0.25 ^f
HF + 10%F	587.2 ± 18.7 ^b	132.8 ± 2.4 ^{a, b}	5.39 ± 0.16 ^d	15.81 ± 0.3 ^d
C + 10%G	589.7 ± 22.3 ^b	133 ± 5.7 ^{a, b}	1.72 ± 0.08 ^g	4.94 ± 0.15 ^g
HF + 10%G	606.8 ± 27.3 ^{a, b}	137.9 ± 4.5 ^{a, b}	3.97 ± 0.05 ^f	22.78 ± 0.62 ^c
C + 2.5%SG	562.2 ± 17.5 ^c	89.18 ± 2.6 ^{b, c}	0.28 ± 0.04 ^h	5.64 ± 0.26 ^e
HF + 2.5%SG	540 ± 12.05 ^c	138.6 ± 6.9 ^{a, b}	1.72 ± 0.15 ^g	9.48 ± 0.37 ^e
C + 10%BS	593.2 ± 6.5 ^b	108.4 ± 3.3 ^b	0.71 ± 0.09 ^h	3.63 ± 0.27 ^f
HF + 10%BS	599.2 ± 10.73 ^{a, b}	122.2 ± 3.3 ^b	1.76 ± 0.12 ^g	7.75 ± 0.26 ^e
C + 10%H	574.3 ± 18.11 ^b	85.7 ± 4.7 ^{b, c}	0.31 ± 0.03 ^h	3.62 ± 0.19 ^g
HF + 10%H	591 ± 11.79 ^b	84.8 ± 4.7 ^{b, c}	0.61 ± 0.08 ^h	9.57 ± 0.29 ^e
C + 10%SV	609 ± 19.26 ^{a, b}	138.7 ± 8.1 ^{a, b}	3.7 ± 0.11 ^f	8.41 ± 0.35 ^e
HF + 10%SV	634.2 ± 19.29 ^a	141.4 ± 3.4 ^{a, b}	5.05 ± 0.20 ^e	27.21 ± 0.52 ^c
C + 1.5%SU	603.3 ± 21.74 ^{a, b}	151.5 ± 2.7 ^a	6.44 ± 0.35 ^c	25.54 ± 1.32 ^c
HF + 1.5%SU	540.8 ± 10.4 ^c	177 ± 6.5 ^a	10.6 ± 0.31 ^a	39.80 ± 0.74 ^a
Sweetener	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Fat	0.0349	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
p	0.0036	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

C, control diet; HF, high fat diet; W, water; S, sucrose; F, fructose; G, glucose; SG, steviol glycosides; BS. Brown sugar; H, honey; SV, SV; SU, sucralose. Different letter superscripts indicate significant differences among groups (a > b > c > d > e > f > g > h).