Table 4.
Odds ratios of nutritional factors for unilateral hearing loss.
| Nutrient | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | Nutrient | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Total Energy | Retinol | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.07(0.84–1.35) | 0.587 | 1.03(0.81–1.32) | 0.783 | Q2 | 0.96(0.77–1.21) | 0.726 | 0.96(0.76–1.21) | 0.741 |
| Q3 | 1.03(0.81–1.31) | 0.808 | 1.02(0.79–1.31) | 0.893 | Q3 | 0.74(0.59–0.95) | 0.015 * | 0.83(0.57–1.03) | 0.054 |
| Q4 | 1.06(0.84–1.34) | 0.629 | 1.02(0.78–1.33) | 0.895 | Q4 | 0.86(0.68–1.09) | 0.213 | 0.88(0.69–1.11) | 0.281 |
| Carbohydrate | β-carotene | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.21(0.95–1.54) | 0.116 | 1.20(0.94–1.54) | 0.145 | Q2 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.240 | 0.86(0.68–1.09) | 0.212 |
| Q3 | 1.13(0.89–1.43) | 0.327 | 1.12(0.87–1.44) | 0.364 | Q3 | 0.83(0.66–1.04) | 0.110 | 0.85(0.67–1.07) | 0.166 |
| Q4 | 1.15(0.91–1.46) | 0.246 | 1.15(0.89–1.49) | 0.284 | Q4 | 0.77(0.61–0.98) | 0.031 * | 0.79(0.62–1.01) | 0.059 |
| Fat | Vitamin A | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.96(0.76–1.21) | 0.721 | 0.92(0.73–1.17) | 0.510 | Q2 | 0.91(0.73–1.15) | 0.446 | 0.90(0.71–1.14) | 0.378 |
| Q3 | 0.88(0.69–1.11) | 0.278 | 0.85(0.67–1.09) | 0.206 | Q3 | 0.81(0.64–1.03) | 0.084 | 0.83(0.65–1.06) | 0.134 |
| Q4 | 0.92(0.73–1.17) | 0.511 | 0.90(0.70–1.16) | 0.432 | Q4 | 0.79(0.62–0.99) | 0.048 * | 0.80(0.63–1.03) | 0.080 |
| Protein | Thiamin | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.85(0.67–1.08) | 0.185 | 0.82(0.64–1.05) | 0.119 | Q2 | 1.19(0.94–1.50) | 0.152 | 1.20(0.94–1.53) | 0.143 |
| Q3 | 0.95(0.76–1.20) | 0.678 | 0.93(0.73–1.18) | 0.535 | Q3 | 1.05(0.83–1.34) | 0.670 | 1.05(0.82–1.35) | 0.693 |
| Q4 | 0.91(0.72–1.14) | 0.403 | 0.88(0.68–1.13) | 0.310 | Q4 | 1.02(0.80–1.29) | 0.902 | 1.01(0.78–1.31) | 0.936 |
| Fiber | Riboflavin | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.02(0.81–1.29) | 0.860 | 0.97(0.76–1.23) | 0.783 | Q2 | 0.88(0.70–1.11) | 0.289 | 0.88(0.70–1.12) | 0.309 |
| Q3 | 0.85(0.67–1.07) | 0.164 | 0.84(0.66–1.08) | 0.179 | Q3 | 0.78(0.62–0.99) | 0.042 * | 0.78(0.61–1.01) | 0.057 |
| Q4 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.253 | 1.04(0.81–1.33) | 0.783 | Q4 | 0.85(0.67–1.07) | 0.173 | 0.85(0.66–1.09) | 0.189 |
| ASH | Niacin | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.96(0.76–1.21) | 0.720 | 0.97(0.76–1.23) | 0.783 | Q2 | 0.96(0.76–1.21) | 0.718 | 0.92(0.72–1.18) | 0.505 |
| Q3 | 0.84(0.66–1.07) | 0.162 | 0.84(0.66–1.08) | 0.179 | Q3 | 1.01(0.80–1.28) | 0.905 | 1.03(0.80–1.31) | 0.839 |
| Q4 | 1.01(0.80–1.28) | 0.906 | 1.04(0.81–1.33) | 0.783 | Q4 | 0.95(0.75–1.20) | 0.673 | 0.92(0.71–1.19) | 0.510 |
| Calcium | Vitamin C | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.93(0.74–1.17) | 0.518 | 0.91(0.72–1.16) | 0.438 | Q2 | 0.83(0.66–1.04) | 0.110 | 0.82(0.65–1.05) | 0.109 |
| Q3 | 0.76(0.60–0.96) | 0.022 * | 0.75(0.58–1.03) | 0.054 | Q3 | 0.85(0.67–1.07) | 0.157 | 0.84(0.66–1.07) | 0.148 |
| Q4 | 0.88(0.70–1.11) | 0.287 | 0.89(0.69–1.13) | 0.334 | Q4 | 0.80(0.63–1.01) | 0.057 | 0.81(0.63–1.03) | 0.087 |
| Iron | Potassium | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.78(0.62–0.98) | 0.034 * | 0.86(0.60–1.04) | 0.065 | Q2 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.257 | 0.92(0.72–1.16) | 0.470 |
| Q3 | 0.70(0.56–0.89) | 0.003 * | 0.80(0.55–1.03) | 0.056 | Q3 | 0.89(0.70–1.12) | 0.312 | 0.88(0.69–1.13) | 0.304 |
| Q4 | 0.84(0.67–1.05) | 0.130 | 0.83(0.65–1.06) | 0.135 | Q4 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.257 | 0.89(0.69–1.15) | 0.364 |
| Sodium | Phosphorus | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Q1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.78(0.62–0.98) | 0.034 * | 1.02(0.80–1.30) | 0.903 | Q2 | 0.91(0.72–1.15) | 0.435 | 0.90(0.71–1.15) | 0.398 |
| Q3 | 0.70(0.56–0.89) | 0.003 * | 0.99(0.77–1.27) | 0.931 | Q3 | 0.98(0.78–1.24) | 0.859 | 0.97(0.77–1.24) | 0.787 |
| Q4 | 0.84(0.67–1.05) | 0.130 | 1.07(0.83–1.38) | 0.587 | Q4 | 0.90(0.71–1.14) | 0.367 | 0.88(0.68–1.14) | 0.320 |
Data are presented OR (95% CI). Statistics were carried out using Logistic regression. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. * p < 0.05.