Skip to main content
. 2019 Apr 14;11(4):532. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040532

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Aberrant signal transduction pathways in CSCs and therapeutic agents targeting CSCs. Signal transduction pathways play important roles in self-renewal, drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and distant metastasis in CSCs, such as CD133, CXCL8, Hedgehog, Notch, and Wnt signaling, and the transcription factors β-catenin (β-cat), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), EZH2, and Nanog. After interaction with xCT, a CD44 variant (CD44v) enhanced the capacity for glutathione synthesis and the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). DLL, delta-like ligand; γ-Sec, γ-Secretase; FZD, Frizzled; Smo, Smoothened.