Table 3.
Changes in the levels of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids following daily intervention for four weeks with the placebo (PLB) drink, the polyphenol low-dose chokeberry juice (AMJd) and the polyphenol high-dose chokeberry juice (AMJ).
| PLB (n = 26) | AMJd (n = 27) | AMJ (n = 27) | p-Value (between Groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total saturated fatty acids (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 47.86 (2.84) | 45.93 (3.90) | 46.25 (3.41) | 0.17 |
| End of trial | 48.72 (3.79) | 49.36 (3.07) | 49.28 (1.27) | 0.65 |
| Δ (Δ%) | 0.85 (1.75%) | 3.18 (6.86%) | 3.35 (7.21%) | 0.13 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.32 | 0.002 | 0.005 | |
| Palmitic acid, 16:0 (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 30.89 (2.19) | 30.06 (2.99) | 29.21 (4.21) | 0.20 |
| End of trial | 30.51 (1.33) | 31.67 (1.81) | 31.73 (1.87) | 0.10 |
| Δ (Δ%) | 0.13 (0.44%) | 0.93 (3.30%) 1 | 1.69 (5.58%) 1 | 0.05 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.77 | 0.005 | 0.01 | |
| Stearic acid, 18:0 (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 16.92 (1.96) | 16.24 (1.76) | 16.93 (1.77) | 0.12 |
| End of trial | 17.68 (2.53) | 17.86 (1.63) | 17.60 (1.55) | 0.91 |
| Δ (Δ%) | 1.03 (6.27%) | 1.72 (10.76%) | 0.97 (5.78%) | 0.07 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.05 | 0.005 | 0.002 | |
| Total monounsaturated fatty acids (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 10.83 (1.56) | 10.95 (2.32) | 10.86 (1.21) | 0.98 |
| End of trial | 10.74 (1.75) | 10.65 (2.33) | 10.65 (2.04) | 0.69 |
| Δ (Δ%) | −0.58 (−5.37%) | −0.13 (−1.43%) | −0.05 (−0.56%) | 0.71 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.29 | 0.85 | 0.96 | |
| Palmitoleic acid, 16:1n-7 (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 0.62 (0.33) | 0.49 (0.27) | 0.53 (0.33) | 0.39 |
| End of trial | 0.56 (0.27) | 0.44 (0.35) | 0.49 (0.31) | 0.74 |
| Δ (Δ%) | −0.02 (−3.47%) | −0.09 (−18.02%) | 0.04 (6.92%) | 0.70 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.56 | |
| Oleic acid, 18:1n-9 (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 7.71 (1.39) | 8.13 (2.02) | 7.76 (1.00) | 0.96 |
| End of trial | 6.95 (1.58) | 7.46 (1.61) | 7.60 (1.57) | 0.25 |
| Δ (Δ%) | −0.60 (−7.81%) | −0.46 (−6.07%) | 0.16 (2.03%) | 0.25 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.65 | |
| Vaccenic acid, 18:1n-7 (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 2.44 (0.62) | 2.23 (0.89) | 2.63 (0.63) | 0.47 |
| End of trial | 2.84 (0.86) | 2.59 (0.89) | 2.67 (0.80) | 0.45 |
| Δ (Δ%) | 0.54 (19.80%) | 0.26 (11.18%) | 0.04 (1.49%) | 0.29 |
| p-value (intragroup) | 0.002 | 0.06 | 0.18 | |
Results are presented as the median (IQR); Δ: median of (end-baseline) values; Δ%: median of ((end-baseline values)/baseline) × 100. Between group differences were estimated by the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis and intragroup differences by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The Mann-Whitney test was applied when there was difference between groups. 1: different from placebo (no difference between AMJ and AMJd) by the Mann-Whitney test.