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Fig. 3. (A) Real-time PERS spectra taken from PEG/RGD/NLS/AuNCs-internalized HaCaT cells while being treated with cisplatin (200 μM). (B and C) are the enlarged view of the PERS spectra showing the disulfide vibration (∼504 cm–1) in proteins and carbonyl vibration (∼2115 cm–1) in CO. (D) Plot showing the ratio between the νM–CO vibration and S–S vibration in HSC-3 and HaCaT cells during cisplatin treatment (200 μM). (E and F) show the cell viability for HaCaT and HSC cells treated with 200 μM cisplatin for 4 h and 24 h.