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. 2019 Apr 18;11(4):555. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040555

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Left: In the absence of Wnt ligands, the multi-protein complex with APC, GSK3, and CK1 cause phosphorylation and subsequent proteosomal degradation of β-catenin. Right: Upon binding of a Wnt protein ligand, the phosphorylation activity of the protein complex is inhibited and β-catenin accumulates in the cytoplasm and translocates to the nucleus with activation of gene transcription. APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; β-cat: β-catenin; CBP: cAMP-response element-binding protein; CK1: casein kinase 1; Dsh: Disheveled; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; LRP: low-density lipoprotein-related protein.