Table 2.

Studies investigating nutritional biomarkers and dietary supplement use in pregnant women with eating disorders.

Source	Study Design	Country	Sample	ED Diagnosis	n	Prevalence of EDs	Outcome	Main Findings
Koubaa et al., 2015 [32]	Longitudinal cohort study (follow-up period: 1 year)	Sweden	Pregnant, nulliparous non-smoking women with and without a history of AN and BN	Interview according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria; medical records	96	38.5% (n = 37); AN (active AN: n = 8; past AN: n = 12); BN (active BN: n = 1; past BN: n = 16)	Maternal serum biomarkers of nutrition and stress at 10 weeks of gestation within a routine blood sample (ferritin, cortisol, TSH, T4, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP1)	Women with previous AN: -↑ frequency (70%) of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) compared to controls (12%) ↓ serum ferritin levels compared to controls
Linna et al., 2014 [15]	Register search study	Finland	Female ED patients and unexposed controls	Attending physicians at the clinic with ICD-10 (AN, BN, atypical AN/BN) and DSM-IV (BED) criteria	4299	15.3% (n = 657); AN (n = 182); BN (n = 436); BED (n = 39)	Pregnancy complications (obtained from Medical Birth Register): gestational diabetes mellitus, initiation of insulin treatment, anemia, antenatal corticosteroid treatment, pregnancy-related ICD-10 diagnoses	Anemia was more frequent among women with AN (3.97%) compared with unexposed women (1.54%)
Dellava et al., 2013 [33]	Cross-sectional analysis of the MoBA study	Norway	Pregnant women across eating disorder subtypes compared with a referent group	Self-reported questionnaire at GW 19	37,307	6.3% (n = 2348); AN (n = 34); BN (n = 326); BED (n = 1944); EDNOS-P (n = 44)	Use of dietary supplements (checklist including 22 specific nutrients, at three time points prior to pregnancy (≥9 weeks, 8–5 weeks and 4–1 week before conception) and eight time periods during pregnancy (GW 1–4, 5–8, 9–12 13–16, 17–20, 21–24, 25–28, and 29+)	Dietary supplement use during pregnancy was as follows (between group differences were not statistically significant): -91.2% of women with AN -92.2% of women with BN -93.2% of women with EDNOS-P (↑ intake of Fe-containing supplements) -90.6% of women with BED -93.5% of the women without EDs

Abbreviations: ED: eating disorder; AN: Anorexia Nervosa; BN: Bulimia Nervosa; BED: Binge Eating Disorder; EDNOS-P: Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified – Purging subtype; MoBa: Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study; TSH: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone; T4: Free Thyroxine (T4); IGF-I: Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; IGFBP1: IGF Binding Protein 1; Hb: Hemoglobin; Fe: Iron; DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; GW: gestational week; ↑: higher; ↓: lower.