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. 2019 Apr 15;17(4):227. doi: 10.3390/md17040227

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Impairment of PPTT on CTX-induced apoptosis and autophagy in kidneys of mice. Proteins were prepared from kidney tissues to detect expression levels of bax, bcl-2, beclin-1, and LC3 genes and phosphorylation levels of p38 and Akt proteins by Western blotting analysis. Protein levels were all normalized with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein content. Note: Significant difference is represented with # and *, p < 0.05; extremely significant difference with ## and **, p < 0.01. In addition, ## and # stand for difference versus normal group; ** and * for difference versus the CP group.

Impairment of PPTT on CTX-induced apoptosis and autophagy in kidneys of mice. Proteins were prepared from kidney tissues to detect expression levels of bax, bcl-2, beclin-1, and LC3 genes and phosphorylation levels of p38 and Akt proteins by Western blotting analysis. Protein levels were all normalized with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein content. Note: Significant difference is represented with # and *, p < 0.05; extremely significant difference with ## and **, p < 0.01. In addition, ## and # stand for difference versus normal group; ** and * for difference versus the CP group.