Table 3.
Association between calcium intake and blood pressure according to serum 25(OH)D levels.
| Subjects | Model | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| All subjects (n = 619) | Model 1 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.000 |
| Model 2 | 0.997 | 0.994 | 1.001 | |
| Model 3 | 0.997 | 0.994 | 1.001 | |
| Normal 25(OH)D level (n = 418) | Model 1 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.999 |
| Model 2 | 0.995 | 0.991 | 0.999 | |
| Model 3 | 0.995 | 0.991 | 0.999 | |
| Low 25(OH)D level (n = 201) | Model 1 | 1.002 | 0.998 | 1.006 |
| Model 2 | 1.003 | 0.996 | 1.011 | |
| Model 3 | 1.003 | 0.995 | 1.010 | |
Statistically significant estimates are in bold. Nutrient data were adjusted for energy using the density method as a percentage of daily energy intake. Model 1: adjusted for sex, age, BMI, eGFR, frequency of exercise, smoking status, consumption of alcohol and sodium intake. Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, BMI, eGFR, frequency of exercise, smoking status, sodium intake and the consumption of alcohol, proteins, carbohydrates, total dietary fibre, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, protein, n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids. Model 3: adjusted for sex, age, BMI, eGFR, frequency of exercise, smoking status, serum 25(OH)D, the consumption of alcohol, protein, carbohydrates, total dietary fibre, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids protein, n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids and sodium intake. Abbreviations: OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.