Table 1.
Sample characteristics (overall and by food insecurity).
| Characteristic | Overall | Food Insecurity | p-Value a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Moderate | Severe | ||||
| Sex | Female | 56.0 | 54.4 | 56.5 | 62.8 | 0.047 |
| Male | 44.0 | 43.5 | 37.2 | 43.6 | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 61.4 (18.3) | 61.7 (18.9) | 62.5 (17.4) | 60.1 (17.1) | 0.074 |
| Education (years) | Mean (SD) | 6.1 (10.1) | 6.8 (11.0) | 4.5 (8.1) | 4.7 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Wealth | Poorest | 20.7 | 14.7 | 27.7 | 32.7 | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 19.9 | 17.9 | 20.8 | 26.4 | ||
| Middle | 18.5 | 17.7 | 25.1 | 19.8 | ||
| Richer | 19.8 | 22.1 | 20.3 | 13.2 | ||
| Richest | 21.1 | 27.6 | 6.0 | 7.9 | ||
| Race | Black | 74.3 | 68.2 | 80.1 | 88.9 | <0.001 |
| White | 9.2 | 12.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | ||
| Other | 16.5 | 19.0 | 17.9 | 9.6 | ||
| Low physical activity | No | 50.0 | 54.1 | 39.5 | 41.9 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 50.0 | 45.9 | 60.5 | 58.1 | ||
| Smoking | Never | 66.6 | 66.1 | 69.0 | 66.7 | 0.162 |
| Past | 23.8 | 23.3 | 20.2 | 27.3 | ||
| Current | 9.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 6.0 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | No | 86.0 | 86.8 | 91.1 | 80.7 | 0.007 |
| Yes | 14.0 | 13.2 | 8.9 | 19.3 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Normal | 24.0 | 23.3 | 21.5 | 25.8 | 0.382 |
| Overweight | 26.5 | 27.8 | 22.1 | 25.5 | ||
| Obese | 46.6 | 46.4 | 51.9 | 45.1 | ||
| Underweight | 2.9 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 3.6 | ||
| Diabetes | No | 90.9 | 91.3 | 88.1 | 90.5 | 0.465 |
| Yes | 9.1 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 9.5 | ||
| Stroke | No | 96.6 | 96.6 | 96.7 | 96.3 | 0.951 |
| Yes | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | ||
| Hypertension | No | 21.4 | 21.8 | 16.7 | 20.5 | 0.278 |
| Yes | 78.6 | 78.2 | 83.3 | 79.5 | ||
| Depression | No | 97.1 | 97.7 | 97.6 | 95.0 | 0.064 |
| Yes | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 5.0 | ||
Abbreviation: SD Standard deviation; BMI Body mass index; Data are percentage unless otherwise stated. a p-value was calculated by Chi-squared tests and Student’s t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.