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Income gradients in obesity prevalence across levels of HDI in (A) girls and (B) boys from ISCOLE. Low, middle and high human development index (HDI) correspond to the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of the ISCOLE sample (HDI = 0.52, 0.72 and 0.91, respectively). Tests for linear trend are indicated: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001. Figure is adapted from Broyles et al. [32].
