Table 3.
Incident Macrocytic Anemia | Incident Anemia of Inflammation (ACD) | |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Baseline HAART Regimen | ||
Efavirenz Containing | 0.423 (0.21, 0.85) * | 1.39 (0.47, 4.10) |
Nevirapine Containing | 0.67 (0.38, 1.17) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.87) * |
HAART Naïve | Ref | Ref |
Female vs. Male Sex | 1.05 (0.53, 2.07) | 3.61 (0.71, 18.3) |
Age (per 5-year increment) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) |
BCE vs. Placebo | 1.86 (0.99, 3.51) ** | 0.47 (0.14, 1.68) |
Vitamin D Status | ||
Deficient vs. Sufficient | 1.09 (0.36, 3.34) | 6.71 (0.52, 86.3) |
Insufficient vs. Sufficient | 0.99 (0.47, 2.11) | 3.03 (0.32, 28.8) |
Baseline CD4 | ||
Per 100 cells/L | 0.93 (0.46, 1.14) | 0.47 (0.27, 0.79) * |
≤100 vs. ≥201 cells/L | 1.26 (0.70, 2.26) | 2.24 (0.78, 6.46) |
101–200 vs. ≥201 cells/L | 1.04 (0.54, 2.01) | 1.28 (0.30, 5.48) |
Baseline Ferritin | ||
High vs. Normal | 1.85 (1.03, 3.32) * | 0.49 (0.16, 1.46) |
Low vs. Normal | 1.02 (0.47, 2.23) | 0.71 (0.13, 3.91) |
Baseline BMI category | ||
Underweight | 0.54 (0.16, 1.77) | 2.19 (0.52, 9.12) |
Normal weight | Ref | Ref |
Overweight | 1.23 (0.65, 2.31) | 0.24 (0.03, 1.84) |
Obese | 1.61 (0.76, 3.42) | 1.39 (0.46, (4.15) |
Wealth (per quintile increment) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.49) |
Q1 (lowest) vs. Q5 (highest) | 2.43 (0.94,6.28) | 1.10 (0.17, 7.08) |
Q2 vs. Q5 (highest) | 2.47 (0.94, 6.46) | 2.32 (0.49, 10.96) |
Q3 vs. Q5 (highest) | 1.66 (0.62, 4.41) | - |
Q4 vs. Q5 (highest) | 2.49 (1.01, 6.14) * | 2.35 (0.50, 11.20) |
Results are from multivariable analyses of anemia type (ACD, macrocytic, no-anemia) as a nominal multinomial outcome using SAS PROC GEE with no-anemia as reference logit category. The odds of incident ACD or macrocytic anemia in relationship to baseline sociodemographic (age, sex, wealth), nutritional status (randomization to BCE vs. placebo as part of parent trial, self-reported multivitamin use at enrolment, vitamin D status, BMI, ferritin), immune factors (CD4, CRP) and HAART status/regimen were estimated. *: Bolded Associations are statistically significant. **: Bolded and italicized associations are marginally significant.