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. 2019 Apr 4;11(4):478. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040478

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) WNT/ β-catenin mediated intracellular signaling. β-catenin moved into the nucleus to stimulate expression of target genes. (B) Berberine promoted interaction of β-catenin and APC to enhance degradation of β-catenin. (C) Berberine also promoted interaction of β-catenin with c-Cbl in nucleus that also induced degradation of β-catenin. (D) Berberine inhibited phosphorylation of LRP5/6 and GSK-3β. Abbreviations: c-Cbl (CASITAS B-lineage lymphoma protooncogene), LRP5/6 (Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein), CK (Casein Kinase), GSK-3β (Glycogen synthase kinase), RXR (Retinoid X-receptor), WNT (Wingless/Integrase), SAMP (Ser-Ala-Met-Pro motif), RING (Really interesting new gene).