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JAK-STAT signaling. Berberine has been shown to inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. Berberine markedly reduced mRNA levels of STAT3. Functionally active STAT3 moved into the nucleus and stimulated expression of miR-21. Abbreviations: STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription), JAK (Janus kinase), PIAS (Protein inhibitors of activated STATs), PTP (Protein-tyrosine phosphatase), SHP-2 (Src homology phosphatase-2).
