Regulation of non-coding RNAs by berberine. (A) CASC2 interacted with AUF1 and prevented its binding to AU rich sequences present within mRNA of Bcl-2. (B,C) AP-1 transcriptionally upregulated miR-101. miR-101 directly targeted COX-2. (D–G) P53 induced transcriptional upregulation of miR-23a. Additionally, miR-23a worked synchronously and stimulated the expression of GADD45a and p21. miR-22-3p directly targeted SP1. SP1 mediated upregulation of CCND1 and BCL2. Abbreviations: AUF1 (AU-rich element RNA-binding protein-1), BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2), GADD45α (Growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene), CCND1 (Cyclin D1), CASC2 (long non-coding RNA), SP1 (specificity protein-1), AP-1 (Activator protein-1).