Table 1.

Functional yeasts used as starters in cocoa fermentation.

Genera/Species	Year	Country	Type of Cocoa Bean	Type of Fermentation	Amount	VOCs		Sensorial Analysis	Reference
						F	C
Kluyveromyces marxianus MMIII-41	2008	Brazil	NM	Plastic basket	45 kg	-	-	+	Leal et al., 2008 [28]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CA11	2014	Brazil	PH16	Wooden box	60 kg	+	-	-	Ramos et al., 2014 [33]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CA11	2014	Brazil	PS1030	Wooden box	60 kg	+	-	-	Ramos et al., 2014 [33]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CA11	2014	Brazil	FA13	Wooden box	60 kg	+	-	-	Ramos et al., 2014 [33]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CA11	2014	Brazil	PS1319	Wooden box	60 kg	+	-	-	Ramos et al., 2014 [33]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora uvarum	2015	Brazil	PS1319	Wooden box	100 kg	-	-	+	Batista et al., 2015 [30]
Candida sp.	2015	Malaysia	NM	Basket	5 kg	-	-	-	Mahazar et al., 2015 [36]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae H19	2015	Malaysia	NM	Basket	50 kg	-	+	+	Meersman et al., 2016 [37]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae H28	2015	Malaysia	NM	Basket	50 kg	-	+	+	Mersman et al., 2016 [37]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae H37	2015	Malaysia	NM	Basket	50 kg	-	+	+	Mersman et al., 2016 [37]
Saccharomyces cerevisae var. chevalieri	2015	Indonesia	Forastero	Plastic bags	NM	-	-	-	Cempaka et al., 2014 [35]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2016	Brazil	CCN51	Wooden box	100 kg	-	+	+	Menezes et al., 2016 [34]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2016	Brazil	CEPEC2004	Wooden box	100 kg	-	+	+	Menezes et al., 2016 [34]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2016	Brazil	FA13	Wooden box	100 kg	-	+	+	Menezes et al., 2016 [34]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2016	Brazil	PS1030	Wooden box	100 kg	-	+	+	Menezes et al., 2016 [34]
Torulaspora delbrueckii	2017	Brazil	PS1319	Wooden box	300 kg	-	+	+	Visintin et al., 2017 [31]
T. delbrueckii	2017	Brazil	SJ02	Wooden box	300 kg	-	+	+	Visintin et al., 2017 [31]
S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii	2017	Brazil	PS1319	Wooden box	300 kg	-	+	+	Visintin et al., 2017 [31]
Pichia kudriavzevii LPB06	2017	Brazil	NM	Lab scale	400 g	+	-	-	Pereira et al., 2017 [25]
Pichia kudriavzevii LPB07	2017	Brazil	NM	Lab scale	400 g	+	-	-	Pereira et al., 2017 [25]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2018	Cameroon	Forastero	Wooden box	200 kg	+	-	-	Mota-Gutierrez et al., 2018 [6]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2018	Cameroon	Forastero	Heap	100 kg	+	-	-	Mota-Gutierrez et al., 2018 [6]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii	2018	Cameroon	Forastero	Wooden box	200 kg	+	-	-	Mota-Gutierrez et al., 2018 [6]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii	2018	Cameroon	Forastero	Heap	100 kg	+	-	-	Mota-Gutierrez et al., 2018 [6]

Abbreviations: NM, not mentioned; F, Fermented cocoa volatile compounds profile; C, Chocolate volatile compounds profile from inoculated cocoa beans; PH16 (Porto hibrido/Sao Jose da Vitoria, Brazil), PS1030 (Porto Seguro/Urucuca, Brazil), FA13 (Angola/Itahuípe Brazil), PS1319 (Bahia, Brazil), CCN51 (Ecuador), CEPEC2004 (Ilhéus/Bahia, Brazil), SJ02 (Bahia, Brazil), Witches broom- resistant varieties; +, Presence; -, Absence; VOCs, volatile organic compounds.