Table 2.
Three-month change estimates for executive function variables by treatment.
| BASELINE | Observed Mean ± SD Change from Baseline | Mean between Group Difference (Control vs. Cognitive) 95% CI | Significance (ANCOVA) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONTROL (n = 48) | COGNITIVE (n = 48) |
CONTROL (n = 48) | COGNITIVE (n = 48) |
|||
| Working Memory | 0.80 ± 1.06 | 1.04 ± 1.02 | 0.23 ± 0.79 | 0.55 ± 0.69 * | −0.32 (−0.50 – −0.51) | 0.001 (0.003) |
| Selective Attention | 0.23 ± 1.52 | 0.04 ± 1.34 | 0.69 ± 0.60 * | 0.54 ± 0.69 * | 0.15 (−0.02 – 0.31) | 0.076 (0.054) |
| Cognitive Flexibility | −0.21 ± 1.36 | −0.42 ± 1.01 | 0.37 ± 0.70 * | 0.41 ± 0.79 * | −0.03 (−0.15 – 0.22) | 0.693 (0.270) |
| Task Planning | 1.90 ± 0.69 | 1.96 ± 1.11 | 0.70 ± 0.66 * | 0.96 ± 0.83 * | −0.25 (−0.44 – −0.06) | 0.009 (0.003) |
| Decision making | −0.82 ± 1.49 | −0.31 ± 1.39 | 1.13 ± 2.21 | 1.23 ± 2.62 * | −0.09 (−0.70 – 0.52) | 0.776 (0.603) |
Mean ± SD. The data in this table refers to standardised z-scores Between-group differences were estimated as Mean Cognitive—Mean Control value. A 95% confidence interval of between-group differences is shown in parentheses. Significance was analysed by an ANCOVA test. Significance data, controlling for baseline values, age and study level, is shown in parentheses. * represents statistically significant changes after three months regarding baseline values.