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. 2019 Apr 10;11(4):505. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040505

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Scheme of the mechanism activated by high doses of ethanol. High doses of ethanol induce ROS generation and ER stress responsible for the induction of a prosurvival autophagic process and the aggressive tumor phenotype. Such events are sustained by the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1, which activate antioxidant response systems and promote the upregulation of MMP2 and VEGF.