Table 3.

Univariable logistic regression of chronic back pain and multivariable logistic regression of chronic back pain, adjusted for significantly associated covariates

	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	N	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
WIMD 2014 quintile	14,351
Least deprived		–	–	–	–
2		1.35 (1.14, 1.60)	0.001	1.32 (1.09, 1.60)	0.005
3		1.48 (1.26, 1.75)	< 0.001	1.33 (1.10, 1.61)	0.003
4		1.70 (1.43, 2.01)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.16, 1.72)	< 0.001
Most deprived		2.04 (1.72, 2.42)	< 0.001	1.61 (1.32, 1.96)	< 0.001
Age	14,351
16–24		–	–	–	–
25–44		2.83 (2.06, 3.89)	< 0.001	2.42 (1.71, 3.42)	< 0.001
45–64		6.17 (4.55, 8.35)	< 0.001	5.14 (3.69, 7.15)	< 0.001
65+		9.16 (6.76, 12.41)	< 0.001	7.34 (5.25, 10.26)	< 0.001
Gender	14,351
Male		–	–	–	–
Female		1.44 (1.30, 1.59)	< 0.001	1.43 (1.27, 1.61)	< 0.001
Educational attainment	13,424
No qualification		–	–	–	–
Degree equivalent or higher		0.21 (0.17, 0.25)	< 0.001	0.44 (0.36, 0.55)	< 0.001
Other qualifications		0.41 (0.36, 0.46)	< 0.001	0.75 (0.65, 0.86)	< 0.001
BMIa	13,391
Less than 18.5- Underweight		0.77 (0.49, 1.21)	0.258	0.91 (0.55,1.48)	0.699
18.5 to under 25- Normal weight		–	–	–	–
25 to under 30- Overweight		1.34 (1.18, 1.52)	< 0.001	1.20 (1.04, 1.38)	0.013
30 and over- Obese		2.15 (1.88, 2.45)	< 0.001	1.60 (1.38, 1.85)	< 0.001
Mental health (SF-36)	14,351
Above averageb		–	–	–	–
Below averagec		3.41 (3.08, 3.79)	< 0.001	3.11 (2.76, 3.51)	< 0.001
Light exercise	14,014
0–2 days per week		–	–	–	–
3–5 days		0.43 (0.37, 0.49)	< 0.001	0.58 (0.49, 0.69)	< 0.001
6–7 days		0.39 (0.35, 0.43)	< 0.001	0.55 (0.48, 0.63)	< 0.001

^aBody mass index

^bMental health score above the average of the general population

^cMental health score below the average of the general population