Table 1.
General characteristics of the pregnant and breastfeeding womena
| Variables | Pregnant women | Breastfeeding women |
|---|---|---|
| sample size | 200 | 150 |
| Age (years) | 28.7 (4.0) | 31.9 (4.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 (4.0) | 23 (3.7) |
| BMI classificationb | ||
| Underweight | 25 (13) | 7 (4) |
| Normal | 138 (69) | 91 (61) |
| Overweight | 21 (11) | 39 (26) |
| Obesity | 12 (7) | 12 (9) |
| Working Status | ||
| Housewife | 59 (30) | 12 (8) |
| Government employment | 28 (14) | 57 (38) |
| Professionals | 53 (27) | 55 (36) |
| Service | 37 (19) | 22 (15) |
| Other | 18 (9) | 4 (2) |
| Education Level | ||
| High School or below | 56 (28) | 11 (7) |
| College | 121 (61) | 74 (49) |
| Postgraduate or up | 23 (11) | 65 (44) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Low | 52 (26) | 82 (55) |
| Middle | 100 (50) | 24 (16) |
| High | 48 (24) | 44 (29) |
| Gestational week | ||
| First trimester | 76 (38) | – |
| Second trimester | 65 (33) | – |
| Third trimester | 59 (29) | – |
| Feeding modes | ||
| Breastfeeding | – | 79 (52) |
| Mixed feeding | – | 71 (48) |
aContinuous data were presented as mean (SD) and categorized variables (including BMI classification, working status, educational level, and physical activity and gestational trimesters) as n (%).
bBMI was calculated with pre-pregnancy weight for pregnant women, and current weight for breastfeeding women