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. 2019 May 16;14:137. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1170-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — A 37-year-old male patient with thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis. a Preoperative standing lateral radiograph. b Immediately after surgery with pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) technique. c Lateral radiograph taken 26 months after surgery. AIL angle of instrumented levels, DIDW the sum of distal non-fused intervertebral disc wedging, GK global kyphosis, KPNS kyphotic angle of proximal non-fused segment involved in the global kyphosis, LL lumbar lordosis, OA osteotomized vertebra angle, PJA proximal junctional angle, SVA sagittal vertical axis, HP hilus pulmonis, CG the center of gravity