Immunogenic dsRNA is a product of RNase L cleavage. (A) RNaseL mRNA expression in WT, Trp53, and Adar1;Trp53 MEFs. (B) Schematic representation of the experiment. Prior to isolation of endogenous dsRNA from Trp53 MEFs, RNaseL was knocked down in those cells with esiRNA. Isolated dsRNA was transfected back into Trp53 MEFs. (C) RT-qPCR analysis of Ifit3, Ifit1, Irf7, IFN-α, Ddx58, and Ifih1 mRNA in Trp53 MEFs transfected with dsRNA from Trp53, RNaseL knocked down MEFs and control dsRNA. Results are normalized to mRNA expression in nontransfected cells. (D) ELISA showing the mean levels of IL-6 in cell-culture supernatants of Trp53 MEFs transfected with dsRNA from Trp53, RNaseL knocked down MEFs and control dsRNA. Results are normalized to cytokine expression in nontransfected cells. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (*) P ≤ 0.05, (**) P ≤ 0.01, (***) P ≤ 0.001.