. 2018 Nov 8;22(5):894–902. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018002902

Table 1.

Characteristics of urban community-dwelling older adults at low and high nutritional risk^†, Chicago, IL, USA, August–October 2017

	Low nutrition risk (<6 points) (N 738)			High nutrition risk (≥6 points) (N 263)
Variable	N	Mean or n	sd or %	N	Mean or n	sd or %	P ^‡
Age (years)	697	67·2	6·4	255	66·3	6·3	0·06
Sex	738			263			0·01
Male		242	33		65	25
Female		496	67		198	75
Race/ethnicity	738			263			<0·0001
White		313	42		60	23
Black		245	33		124	47
Hispanic		180	24		79	30
Education	676			234			<0·0001
Not HS graduate		100	15		51	22
HS graduate or GED		121	18		43	18
Some college		162	24		78	33
College graduate		293	43		62	27
BMI (kg/m²)	687	29·1	6·3	251	30·6	7·6	0·001
BMI category	687			251			0·01
Underweight (<18·5 kg/m²)		3	<1		4	2
Normal weight (18·5–24·9 kg/m²)		192	28		52	21
Overweight (25·0–29·9 kg/m²)		247	36		81	32
Obese (≥30·0 kg/m²)		245	36		114	45
Independence with ADL
Bathing	736	718	98	262	246	94	0·005
Dressing	737	723	98	263	250	95	0·009
Toileting	737	727	99	263	256	97	0·17
Transferring	737	721	98	263	244	93	0·0001
Continence	730	707	97	260	235	90	<0·0001
Feeding	736	730	99	263	256	97	0·049
All 6 ADL	728	683	94	259	219	85	<0·0001
Health-care utilization
ER visit	736	96	13	262	76	29	<0·0001
Hospital admission	735	81	11	263	47	18	0·004
SNF admission	735	11	2	263	6	2	0·41
Home care services	737	61	8	262	43	16	0·0002
Eat alone most of the time	736	317	43	261	164	63	<0·0001
Three or more different prescribed or OTC drugs per day	735	372	51	262	187	71	<0·0001

HS, high school; GED, General Equivalency Diploma; ADL, activities of daily living; ER, emergency room; SNF, skilled nursing facility; OTC, over-the-counter.

^†

Nutritional risk is defined using abridged Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (abPG-SGA) score: <6 points=low risk; ≥6 points=high risk.

^‡

Tests for differences between low- and high-risk groups: t tests, with pooled variance for age and BMI, test for row mean score difference for ordinal variables (education and BMI categories); Fisher’s exact test for feeding, toileting and SNF admission; and χ ² tests for other categorical variables. Responses of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ are treated as missing and excluded from the denominator.