Table 2.
Blood analyses and nutrient bioavailability.
| SUPP | CON | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -1 week | 6 weeks | 19 weeks | -1 week | 6 weeks | 19 weeks | |
| Erythrocyte plasma membrane phospholipids | ||||||
| Total FA (pmol/mg Hb) | 10,551 ± 1959 | 9792 ± 2048 | 9640 ± 2006 | 10,098 ± 1810 | 9259 ± 1790 | 9523 ± 1684 |
| EPA + DHA (pmol/mg Hb)2 | 496 ± 107a | 798 ± 294b* | 882 ± 227c* | 560 ± 128a | 471 ± 129a | 458 ± 123a |
| ARA:EPA2 | 140.4 ± 34.0a | 68.8 ± 33.6b* | 55.0 ± 47.9b* | 127.5 ± 40.9a | 146.9 ± 42.3a | 150.6 ± 36.7a |
| n-3 index (%)2 | 4.7 ± 0.9a* | 8.0 ± 1.6b* | 9.3 ± 2.0c* | 5.6 ± 1.2a | 5.1 ± 0.9a | 4.8 ± 0.9a |
| Plasma 25(OH)D (nM)2 | 44.3 ± 12.8a | 50.5 ± 14.7b | 57.1 ± 16.1c | 37.6 ± 13.8a | 37.3 ± 12.4a | 35.6 ± 11.2a |
| BDNF (pg/mL)1 | 391 ± 443a,b | 384 ± 418a | 308 ± 240b | 271 ± 331a,b | 625 ± 507a | 273 ± 203b |
Data are mean ± SD. Different letters denote significant differences over time within each group. ∗Significant difference from CON at that time point. 1Main effect of time (p = 0.007). 2Group-by-time interaction (p < 0.001). SUPP, supplement; CON, control; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FA, fatty acid; Hb, hemoglobin; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid; n-3, omega-3; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.