Table 5.

Association Between Risk of Dementia and Individual Sensory Impairments

Sensory Impairments	Demographic Adjusted† HR (95% CI)	Multivariable‡ HR (95% CI)
Vision (N = 2,008)
Visual acuity	1.33 (0.93, 1.88)	1.26 (0.90, 1.77)
Contrast sensitivity	1.22 (0.97, 1.53)	1.11 (0.88, 1.38)
Smell (N = 2,017)	2.10 (1.71, 2.60)	1.78 (1.42, 2.23)
Touch
Vibration threshold (N = 1,954)	1.65 (1.14, 2.38)	1.56 (1.08, 2.26)
10g monofilament (N = 1,987)	1.46 (1.05, 2.02)	1.39 (1.01, 1.93)
Hearing (N = 2,027)	1.24 (1.004, 1.54)	1.25 (1.01, 1.55)

Notes: ^†Each impairment is a predictor in separate models adjusted for age, race, sex, and education (vision acuity and contrast sensitivity additionally adjusted for use of corrective lenses in testing).

^‡Demographic adjusted models + hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity.