Table 5.
Comparison of the Selected Tests by Their Use in Clinical/Research Setting, and Their Application as Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Outcome Purposes with Their Highest Reported Effect Size
| Clinical Setting | Research Setting | Diagnostic | Prognostic | Outcome | Cognitive-Motor Interaction | Highest Effect Size Reported | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition | a | ||||||
| MoCAc | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | + | ++ |
Gait speed: 0.43 (6) Gait variability: 0.04 (27) DTG: 0.47 (27) SPPB: 0.74 (27) |
| RAVLT | + | ++ | +++ | ++ | + | + |
Gait speed: 0.29 (6) Gait variability: 0.12 (27) DTG: 0.71 (27) SPPB: 0.25 (27) |
| TMT A & B | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Gait speed: 0.39 (133) Gait variability: 0.05 (35) DTG: 0.68 (134) SPPB: 0.47 (27) |
| DSST | + | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Gait speed: 0.51 (66) Gait variability: 0.46 (113) DTG: 0.45 (133) SPPB: 0.44 (113) |
| Stroop Test | + | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | + |
Gait speed: 0.59 (135) Gait variability: 0.05 (35) DTG: 0.68 (134) |
| Mobility | b | ||||||
| Gait speedc | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Global cognition: 0.41 (135) Executive function: 0.59 (135) Memory: 0.22 (136) Processing speed: 0.45 (66) |
| Gait variability | - | +++ | + | + | + | ++ |
Global cognition: 0.04 (27) Executive function: 0.05 (35) Memory: 0.12 (27) Processing speed:0.62 (27) |
| Dual-task Gait | + | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | +++ |
Global cognition: 0.47 (27) Executive function: 0.56 (66) Memory: 0.71 (27) Processing speed: 0.45 (66) |
| TUG | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + |
Global cognition: 0.46 (135) Executive function: 1.04 (135) |
| SPPB | + | +++ | + | + | + | + |
Global cognition: 0.41 (137) Executive function: 0.47 (27) Memory: 0.25 (27) Processing speed: 0.25 (27) |
Note: The magnitude of the associations for each category is presented using a Likert scale from + to +++, based on the scoping review.
DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; TMT = Trail Making Test; TUG = Timed-up and go.
aEffect sizes for associations between each cognitive test and gait speed, gait variability, dual-task gait (DTG), TUG, and repeated chair stands (from SPPB). bEffect sizes for associations between each mobility test and global cognition, executive function, memory, and processing speed (19). cGait speed at usual pace is used in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome coupled with subjective cognitive complains, and in the “Gait and Cognition Syndrome” coupled with the MoCA test.