Table 5.
Effect Sizes and 95% Confidence Intervals for Dynamic Postural-Control Participant Groups
| Comparison |
Mobilization |
Length |
Time Measurement |
Hedges g Effect Size |
95% Confidence Interval |
P Value |
| Control or sham versus intervention | ||||||
| Anterior direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | −0.21 | −0.91, 0.49 | .55 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 1.08 | 0.54, 1.62 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 1.35 | 0.80, 1.90 | <.001a |
| Powden et al27 (2017) | Sustained traction | Single | Immediate | 0.00 | −0.61, 0.61 | >.99 |
| Powden et al27 (2017) | Oscillatory traction | Single | Immediate | 0.35 | −0.27, 0.96 | .27 |
| Hoch and McKeon16 (2011) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.10 | −0.51, 0.71 | .74 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.32 | 0.76, 1.87 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 1.13 | 0.59, 1.68 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.37 | 0.82, 1.92 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 1.35 | 0.80, 1.90 | <.001a |
| Posteromedial direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | 0.54 | −0.17, 1.25 | .14 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 0.62 | 0.11, 1.14 | .02a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 0.68 | 0.17, 1.19 | .009a |
| Hoch and McKeon16 (2011) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.05 | −0.55, 0.66 | .86 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 0.74 | 0.22, 1.26 | .005a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 0.41 | −0.10, 0.92 | .12 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.80 | 0.29, 1.32 | .002a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.70 | 0.19, 1.21 | .007a |
| Posterolateral direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | 0.47 | −0.24, 1.18 | .19 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 0.96 | 0.42, 1.49 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 0.68 | 0.17, 1.19 | .009a |
| Hoch and McKeon16 (2011) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.09 | −0.52, 0.70 | .77 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.84 | 1.24, 2.45 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), control | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.65 | 1.06, 2.23 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.94 | 0.42, 1.47 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015), sham | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.70 | 0.19, 1.21 | .007a |
| Summary | 0.42 | −0.14, 0.98 | .14 | |||
| Preintervention versus postintervention | ||||||
| Anterior direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | 0.19 | −0.50, 0.89 | .59 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 1.34 | 0.78, 1.89 | <.001a |
| Powden et al27 (2017) | Sustained traction | Single | Immediate | 0.00 | −0.61, 0.61 | >.99 |
| Powden et al27 (2017) | Oscillatory traction | Single | Immediate | 0.00 | −0.61, 0.61 | >.99 |
| Gilbreath et al18 (2014) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 1 wk | Immediate | 0.00 | −0.81, 0.80 | >.99 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.36 | −0.42, 1.14 | .37 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | 1 wk | 0.45 | −0.33, 1.24 | .26 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.61 | 1.04, 2.19 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 1.43 | 0.87, 2.00 | <.001a |
| Posteromedial direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | 0.27 | −0.43, 0.97 | .45 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 1.01 | 0.48, 1.54 | <.001a |
| Gilbreath et al18 (2014) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 1 wk | Immediate | 0.16 | −0.65, 0.96 | .70 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.39 | −0.39, 1.17 | .33 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | 1 wk | 0.45 | −0.33, 1.23 | .26 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 1.19 | 0.65, 1.73 | <.001a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.86 | 0.34, 1.39 | .001a |
| Posterolateral direction | ||||||
| Harkey et al19 (2014) | Maitland grade 3 | Single | Immediate | 0.00 | −0.70, 0.70 | >.99 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | Single | Immediate | 0.55 | 0.04, 1.06 | .03a |
| Gilbreath et al18 (2014) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 1 wk | Immediate | 0.05 | −0.75, 0.85 | .90 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | Immediate | 0.40 | −0.38, 1.18 | .32 |
| Hoch et al15 (2012) | Maitland grade 3 | 2 wk | 1 wk | 0.50 | −0.28, 1.29 | .21 |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | Immediate | 0.55 | 0.04, 1.06 | .03a |
| Cruz Díaz et al26 (2015) | Mulligan MWM weight-bearing | 3 wk | 6 mo | 0.71 | 0.19, 1.22 | .007a |
| Summary | 0.37 | −0.12, 0.87 | .14 | |||
Abbreviation: MWM, mobilizations with movement.
a
P < .05.