| Table 1: Characteristics of the participants. Values are either mean (SD) or n (%). | |||
| Variables | Cases (n=48) | Controls (n=112) | |
| Age (yrs) | 9.9 (1.0) | 10.0 (1.0) | |
| Height (cm) | 123.8 (4.8) | 134.9 (6.2) | |
| HAZ (SD) | -2.50 (0.48) | -0.80 (0.75) | |
| Birth weight* (g) | 3008 (540) | 3174 (533) | |
| Mother's height† (cm) | 150.2 (6.0) | 150.2 (5.7) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 25 (52%) | 55 (49.1%) | |
| Female | 23 (48%) | 57 (50.9%) | |
| Mother's Education level | |||
| Illiterate | 1 (2%) | 4 (3.6%) | |
| Middle school or below | 45 (94%) | 104 (92.8%) | |
| High school | 2 (4%) | 4 (3.6%) | |
| Father's Education level | |||
| Illiterate | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Middle school or below | 46 (96%) | 101 (90.2%) | |
| High school | 2 (4%) | 10 (8.9%) | |
| Mother's Occupations | |||
| Unemployed | 7 (15%) | 30 (26.8%) | |
| Farmers | 23 (48%) | 39 (34.8%) | |
| Merchants | 13 (27%) | 34 (30.4%) | |
| Others | 5 (10%) | 9 (8.0%) | |
| Father's Occupations | |||
| Farmers | 21 (44%) | 46 (41.1%) | |
| Merchants | 20 (42%) | 52 (46.4%) | |
| Government employees | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Others | 7 (15%) | 13 (11.6%) | |
| *Cases=44, Controls=102; †Cases=37, Controls=75 | |||
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