Table 2: Comparison of confounding variables between cases and controls. Values are mean (SD), median (IQR), or n (%)
Variable	Cases (n=48)	Controls (n=112)	p value
TSH (mIU/mL)	3.31 (6.76 to 2.64)	3.24 (4.56 to 2.14)	0.299
IGF-1 (ng/mL)	66.74 (95.27 to 50.70)	112.57 (174.27 to 74.87)	<0.001
Zn (mg/dL)*	98.4 (24.3)	107.7 (26.9)	0.078
Hb (g/dL)	12.8 (0.9)	13.1 (1.0)	0.024
Albumin (g/dL)	4.5 (0.3)	4.6 (0.3)	0.409
Energy intake (kcal)	1408 (464)	1327 (480)	0.174
Protein intake (g)	52.3 (21.7)	50.0 (21.9)	0.472
TSH level
Hypothyroid	16 (33%)	28 (25.0%)	0.374
Non-hypothyroid	32 (67%)	84 (75.0%)
IGF-1 level
Low	38 (79%)	37 (33.0%)	<0.001
Normal	10 (21%)	75 (67.0%)
Zinc level*
Low	3 (10%)	9 (9%)	1.000
Normal	28 (90%)	87 (91%)
Hemoglobin level
Anemia	8 (17%)	10 (8.9%)	0.252
Normal	40 (83%)	102 (91.1%)
Albumin level
Low	0 (0%)	0 (0.0%)	NA
Normal	48 (100%)	112 (100.0%)
Iron adequacy level
Low	40 (83%)	104 (92.9%)	0.121
Sufficient	8 (17%)	8 (7.1%)
Energy adequacy level
Low	26 (54%)	91 (81.3%)	0.001
Sufficient	22 (46%)	21 (18.7%)
Protein adequacy level
Low	14 (29%)	56 (50.0%)	0.024
Sufficient	34 (71%)	56 (50.0%)
History of infections
Yes	3 (6%)	15 (13.4%)	0.300
No	45 (94%)	97 (86.6%)
History of LBW†
Yes	4 (9%)	6 (5.9%)	0.728
No	40 (91%)	96 (94.1%)
*Cases=31, Controls=96; †Cases=44, Controls=102; NA=Not analyzed