Table 2.
Risk factors for postoperative AKI following surgery in multivariable logistic models.
| Early AKI vs. No AKI (n=3499) | Late AKI vs. No AKI (excluded early AKI, n=2040) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age, year | 1.02 | 1.02 - 1.03 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 1.00 - 1.01 | 0.047 |
| Male* | 1.16 | 0.99 - 1.35 | 0.06 | 1.37 | 1.09 - 1.73 | 0.007 |
| BMI | 1.09 | 1.07 - 1.10 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.02 - 1.07 | <0.001 |
| eGFR# | <0.001 | |||||
| <60 | 1.32 | 0.93 - 1.88 | 0.12 | |||
| 60-90 | 1.51 | 1.26 - 1.81 | <0.001 | - | - | |
| Anemia | 1.35 | 1.15 - 1.58 | 0.0002 | - | - | |
| Liver transplant | 1.97 | 0.95 - 4.09 | 0.07 | - | - | |
| History hypertension | - | - | - | 1.52 | 1.16 - 1.98 | 0.002 |
| Nonsteroidal | - | - | - | 1.46 | 1.00 - 2.11 | 0.048 |
| Diuretic | - | - | - | 2.10 | 1.50 - 2.96 | <0.001 |
| Blood transfusions | - | - | - | 1.05 | 1.01 - 1.09 | 0.02 |
| Vasopressors | - | - | - | 1.41 | 1.01 - 1.95 | 0.04 |
| Normalized fluid balance 48h (1%) | - | - | - | 1.04 | 1.01 - 1.07 | 0.02 |
| Mechanical ventilation | - | - | - | 2.35 | 1.83 - 3.01 | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | - | - | - | 3.45 | 2.67 - 4.47 | <0.001 |
| Surgery** | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Vascular | 1.26 | 0.99 - 1.61 | 0.06 | 1.01 | 0.67 - 1.53 | 0.97 |
| Neuro | 0.33 | 0.26 - 0.41 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.41 - 0.74 | <0.001 |
| Orhto | 0.41 | 0.28 - 0.60 | <0.001 | 0.70 | 0.44 - 1.11 | 0.13 |
| Thoracic | 1.09 | 0.85 - 1.39 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.60 - 1.37 | 0.64 |
*, # and **:
female, eGFR (>90) and general surgery were reference levels, respectively. Two multivariable logistic models were established using stepwise model selection with AIC criteria. Early AKI or late AKI was set as outcome, respectively. For early AKI model, only preoperative variables were included for selection. While both preoperative variables and postoperative variables were included in late AKI model. Hosmer-Lemeshow p-values for early AKI model and late AKI model were 0.88 and 1.00, respectively.