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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Addict Med. 2019 May-Jun;13(3):215–219. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000482

Table 1.

Descriptive Normative Perceptions about U.S. Adults Relative to National Data.

Behavior Valid
n
Actual
National
Normative
Perception
(95%CI)
Actual
Sample

Ever Used Non-Prescription Opioid Pills1 241 7.1%2 60.0%
(57.0 – 63.0)
95.4%
Ever Tried Heroin 240 2.0% 44.7%
(41.7 – 47.7)
95.2%
Injection Drug Use (Past Year) 237 0.3% 37.6%
(34.6 – 40.6)
74.4%
Consumed Alcohol (Past Month) 238 55.0% 76.7%
(74.2 – 79.1)
45.6%
Smoked Cigarette (Past Month) 237 20.6% 68.2%
(65.6 – 70.9)
91.1%
Smoked Marijuana (Past Month) 237 5.5% 63.2%
(60.4 – 66.0)
55.7%
1

On national datasets, the current definition for prescription psychotherapeutic drug misuse includes opioids that are both prescribed and non-prescribed. In contrast, participants were asked about the use of non-prescribed opioid pills.

2

Data available for past year only