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. 2019 May 16;9:7460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43897-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrophysiological characterization of LOTUS-V in hippocampal neurons. (A; left) A representative bioluminescence image of a cultured hippocampal neuron expressing LOTUS-V. (A; right) An expanded image of the region within the square on the image on the left. (B) Plot of fractional ΔR/R₀ versus voltage changes (n = 4 cells). The ΔR/R₀ from −120 mV to + 80 mV was 5.3 ± 0.3%. The effective valence (Z) was 0.7, while the V_1/2 was −45.5 mV. The plot was fitted using a Boltzmann function. (C) The Venus and NLuc signals (ΔL/L₀), and their ratio (ΔR/R₀), in response to voltage changes from the holding voltage (−70 mV to + 30 mV; n = 5 cells). (C; table) The fast and slow components, and their fraction of time constant. The activation and deactivation curves of ΔR/R₀ were fitted using a two-component exponential equation. (D; upper) Action potential waveform of ΔR/R₀ and (D; lower) electrophysiology (n = 6 cells). The imaging frame rate was 1 kHz. Error bars indicate mean ± standard error.