Fig. 5.

Antibacterial performance comparison between metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filter (MOFilter) mask (MM) and commercial mask (CM). a Bioaerosol generation apparatus and optical images of trilaminar MOFilter mask. b, c Escherichia coli levels residual on top, inner and bottom layers of MM and CM, respectively, after 30 min of light irradiation. The number of viable cells in b is determined from saline eluent used for collecting living bacteria on each layer of mask after reaction. The bacterial colonies residual on eluent-treated mask are shown in c. The top, inner, and bottom layers are denoted as T, I and B, respectively. The error bars are calculated via repeating the measurements for three times