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. 2019 May 16;10(6):386. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1612-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Activation of TRPV4 leads to microglial cell and astroycte activation, and the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome expression to produce more proinflammatory cytokines, which is involved in the neuronal injury in TLE. Blocking TRPV4 may attenuate neuronal injury post SE through inhibiting immuno-inflammatory response