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. 2019 May 10;14:3439–3454. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S201626

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© 2019 Ahmadi et al.

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The SEM micrographs of surface (column 1) and cross-section (column 2); and EDX (column 3) for CMC film (A), CMC/TiO₂-2% nanocomposite (B) and active nanocomposites with lower (C) and highest (D) amounts of Miswak extract, ie 150 (SPE150) and 450 mg/mL (SPE450), respectively.

Abbreviations: C1, CMC film; C2, CMC/TONP-2% nanocomposite; CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose; EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; SPE, Salvadora persica L. root extract; SPE150, SPE300, and SPE450, CMC/TONP-2% containing 150, 300, and 450 mg/ml of SPE, respectively; TONP, TiO₂ nanoparticles.