Table 4. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for the prediction of metastasis in surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age, yr | 1.016 (0.981–1.052) | 0.373 | |||
| Gender, women | 0.779 (0.304–1.998) | 0.603 | |||
| HTN, yes | 0.780 (0.317–1.919) | 0.588 | |||
| DM, yes | 0.928 (0.314–2.744) | 0.893 | |||
| BMI, ≥ 23 kg/m2 | 0.371 (0.160–0.859) | 0.021 | 0.270 (0.092–0.791) | 0.017 | |
| Smoking history, yes | 0.760 (0.273–2.114) | 0.598 | |||
| TNM stage | |||||
| pT1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| pT2 | 5.651 (1.711–18.662) | 0.004 | 7.111 (1.776–28.464) | 0.006 | |
| pT3-4 | 10.331 (3.811–28.011) | < 0.001 | 6.567 (2.133–20.215) | 0.001 | |
| Fuhrman grade, G3–4 | 5.385 (2.192–13.229) | < 0.001 | 2.442 (0.841–7.091) | 0.101 | |
| M score, ≥ 153.28a | 7.166 (2.915–17.612) | < 0.001 | 3.804 (1.477–9.800) | 0.006 | |
HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, HTN = hypertension, DM = diabetes mellitus, BMI = body mass index, TNM = tumor node metastasis.
aM score was calculated with the sum of the levels of methylation levels of three candidate genes multiplied by the corresponding regression coefficient derived from the Cox regression analysis.