Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of echocardiographic studies on left atrial strain in athletes
| Author ref. | Year | Sport | Sample (n) | Age (years) | Gender (men/women %) | BSA (m2) | SBP (mm Hg) | DBP (mm Hg) | LAVI (mL/m2) | LVMI (g/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D'Ascenzi16 | 2011 | PSP | 23 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | M (100%) | 2.0 ± 0.1 | n.a. | n.a. | 26.3 ± 4.3 | n.a. |
| Gabrielli17 | 2012 | PT | 20 | 43.0 ± 4.0 | M (80%) | n. a. | 117 ± 7 | n. a. | 40.0 ± 5.0 | 143.0 ± 12.0 |
| D'Ascenzi18 | 2014 | PVP | 24 | 24.9 ± 4.1 | W (100%) | 1.86 ± 0.11 | n. a. | n.a. | 24.6 ± 3.0 | n. a. |
| Gabrielli19 | 2014 | PHP | 24 | 28.0 ± 4.0 | M (100%) | 2.2 ± 0.17 | n.a. | n.a. | 35.2 ± 8.8 | 116.0 ± 21.0 |
| D'Ascenzi6 | 2015 | PSP,PBP,PVP | 150 | 26.0 ± 8.0 | M (70%) | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 120 ± 20 | 74 ± 10 | 24.6 ± 7.3 | 91.4 ± 22.2 |
| McClean7 | 2015 | EB, PT | 18 | 28.0 ± 8.0 | M (100%) | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 131 ± 7 | 74 ± 7 | 35.0 ± 8.0 | n. a. |
| McClean7 | 2015 | EWL, EA | 18 | 26.0 ± 7.0 | M (100%) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 134 ± 9 | 74 ± 8 | 26.0 ± 10.0 | n. a. |
| D'Ascenzi20 | 2016 | PBP, PVP | 35 | 22.0 ± 7.0 | M (57%) | 2.1 ± 0.2 | n.a. | n.a. | 27.1 ± 6.6 | 82.2 ± 23.4 |
| Gabrielli 21 | 2016 | CMR, PT | 50 | 37.0 ± 6.0 | M (100%) | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 125 ± 9 | 79 ± 4 | 29.4 ± 9.2 | n. a. |
| Sanchismen 22 | 2017 | CLR | 22 | 38.4 ± 5.8 | M (100%) | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 124 ± 11 | 79 ± 4 | 24.99 ± 6.69 | n.a. |
| Sanchiswomen 22 | 2017 | CLR | 19 | 37.4 ± 6.2 | W (100%) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 112 ± 12 | 73 ± 8 | 27.06 ± 6.16 | n. a. |
| Total | 403 | |||||||||
Abbreviations: BSA, body surface area; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Type of sport: EA, elite akido (A3); EB, elite boxers (C3); EWL, elite weight lifers (A3); CMR, competitive marathon runners (C1); CLR, competitive long‐distance runners (C1); PBP, professional basket players (C2); PHP, professional handball players (C2); PSP, professional soccer players (C1); PT, professional triathletes (C3); PVP, professional volley players (B1).