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. 2019 May 10;13:149. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00149

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Copyright © 2019 Dietzmeyer, Förthmann, Leonhard, Helmecke, Brandenberger, Freier and Haastert-Talini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative photomicrographs of consecutive cross-sections through the regenerated tissue within the distal nerve graft at 16 weeks post-surgery. Immunohistological staining (A, C, E) against NF200 (green) and DAPI nuclear counter staining (blue) display immunodetection of all regenerated axonal profiles. HE staining (B, D, F) displays an overview of the composition of the regenerated tissue. Thicker and single-strand tissue connections between proximal and distal nerve ends were found in the ANG and CNG groups. Axonal staining proofed that on each side of the chitosan-film the regenerated tissue contained NF200-positive axons. Arrow is indicating the tissue bridge, which was formed inside the chitosan-film perforation and connected the two nerve cables (chitosan-film indicated by ^∗, NF200-positive axonal profiles within the tissue bridge indicated by #). CNG, standard chitosan nerve guide; CNG[F], chitosan-film enhanced CNG; corrCNG[F], corrugated chitosan-film enhanced chitosan nerve guide.