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. 2019 May 17;76(11):836–845. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz060

Table 2.

Description of Participating Schools of Pharmacy and their Pharmacogenomics Educational Opportunitiesa

School A School B School C School D School E School F School G School H
Variable (64.60% Response Rate) (53.10% Response Rate) (11.70% Response Rate) (26.90% Response Rate) (27.20% Response Rate) (57% Response Rate) (16.20% Response Rate) (39.40% Response Rate)
PGx Faculty Terminal degree Ph.D. Ph.D. Ph.D. and clinical Pharm.D. Clinical Pharm.D. Ph.D. R.Ph. and Ph.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.
Formal PGx training No No No No No Yes Yes No
Other PGx-related training PGx coursework as part of a Pharmacology Ph.D. Applied PGx research as an industry senior scientist position PGx certificate program No Molecular and epigenetics PGx post-doc fellowship PGx Ph.D. and post-doc fellowship in PGx Involved in PGx research in the past
PGx didactic course details Standalone or integrated? Standalone Standalone Both Integrated Integrated Standalone Both Standalone
If integrated, what course? N/A N/A Pharmacokinetics (2 lectures) Pharmacotherapy Pharmacology N/A Several courses N/A
If standalone, is it required or an elective? Elective Required Elective N/A N/A Required Required Required
Average student per year for the elective courses 35 N/A 10–15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
When is the course offered? 1st, 2nd, or 3rd professional year 2nd professional year 3rd professional year 2nd or 3rd professional year 2nd professional year 3rd professional year 3rd professional year 2nd professional year
Length of course/credits 1 semester; 2 credit hours 1 semester; 2 credit hours 1 semester; 2 credit hours N/A N/A 1 semester; 2 credits 1 semester; 2 credits 1 semester; 2 credits
PGx Course Learning Objectives To identify medications that require or are recommended by FDA to have PGx testing Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes N/A Yes Yes
To recommend appropriate PGx tests for the medications that require testing Yes Yes Yes N/A No No Yes No
To accurately interpret pharmacogenomics tests Yes Yes Yes N/A No No Yes No
To recommend alternative therapies or doses when required by a PGx test result Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes
Become familiar with how to access, interpret, and use the CPIC guidelines Yes No Yes N/A No N/A Yes No
PGx APPEb PGx APPE opportunity No Yes No Yes Yes No No No
Length of APPE N/A 5 weeks N/A 5 weeks 6 weeks N/A N/A N/A

bThe PGx APPE training addresses all the learning objectives listed.