Table 2.
Insects a | Reported Different Flying Conditions | Sources |
---|---|---|
S. zeamais, S. oryzae |
Peak flight from 15:00 to 17:00 pm at 5 to 45 °C on India fields | Rajan et al. [61] |
In lab at 22 °C | Vasquez-castro et al. [63], Giles [59] | |
T. castaneum | Year round on Australia fields at 6.6 °C mean minimum to 22.5 °C mean maximum temperatures | Daglish et al. [52] |
In lab at ≥ 22.5 °C and ≤ 45 °C | Cox et al. [64], Perez-Mendoza et al. [29] | |
R. dominica | On India fields at 4.8 to 9.3 °C | Rajan et al. [61] |
Year round on Australia fields at mean minimum temperature 6.6 °C | Ridley et a. [65], Daglish et al. [52] | |
Year round on Arkansas fields at ≥ −6.7 °C. | McKay et al. [58] | |
On Kansas fields at ≥ 17.5 °C and ≤ 6 m/s wind speed In a warehouse, small peak of flight activity around sunrise, and large one at sunset |
Toews et al. [60] Leos-Martinez et al. [66] |
|
In lab at 19.9 to 41.6 °C | Dowdy 1994 [67] | |
In lab at 21.5 °C | Sinclair and Alder [68] | |
In lab at 16 °C | Wright and Morton [69] | |
L. serricorne | In lab at 10 to 15 °C | McKay et al. [58] |
In lab at 22.5 °C | Fardisi and Mason 127 [70] |
a More than 20 species of flying insects are captured on fields. Only the most studied insects are listed.