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. 2019 Apr 25;9(4):195. doi: 10.3390/ani9040195

Table 2.

Objective and subjective knowledge levels.

Subjective Knowledge Level Objective Knowledge Level Discrepancy Intensity between Knowledge Sufficient Information Level Subjective Information Level Objective Information Level
Romania P 44.51 a,x 39.26 b,x 5.25 4.66 + *** + ***
C 45.77 a,x 37.64 b,x 8.06 4.15 + *** + ***
Italy P 45.29 a,x 43.01 a,x 2.28 3.45 + ***
C 45.75 a,x 41.39 b,x 4.36 3.15 + ***
Spain P 43.19 a,x 37.27 b,x 5.92 3.62 + ***
C 42.48 a,x 33.65 b,x 8.83 3.74 + ***
Greece P 44.04 a,x 41.18 b,x 2.86 2.27 + *** + **
C 40.83 a,x 37.28 a,x 3.55 2.14 + *** + **
Lithuania P 62.87 a,x 52.69 b,x 10.18 4.85 + *** + **
C 49.96 a,y 39.29 b,y 10.67 3.82 + *** + ***
United Kingdom P 50.52 a,x 38.06 b,x 12.46 4.48 + *** + ***
C 51.84 a,y 34.10 b,x 17.74 4.19 + ***
Poland P 65.50 a,x 49.74 b,x 15.76 5.71
C 59.58 a,x 42.98 b,x 16.60 5.50
Sweden P 54.20 a,y 48.58 a,y 5.62 6.27
C 60.21 a,x 46.47 b,x 13.74 6.58

The level of the subjective knowledge is measured in percentage term where 0 indicates very a low knowledge level and 100 a very high knowledge level. The level of the objective knowledge represents the percentage of successful rate of correct answers. The sufficient information level is measured with an 11-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (the information is insufficient) to 10 (the information is sufficient). a, b: statistical difference between the subjective and objective knowledge level (i.e., by row); x, y: statistical difference between citizens and consumers (i.e., by column); ***: significance at 99% level, **: significance at 95% level.