Table 1.
Summary of proteins incorporated in bulk complex coacervate phases.
| Protein | Molecular Weight (kDa) | pI | Appx. Charge 1 | Polyelectrolyte Partners 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Chymotrypsinogen 3 | 25.6 | 8.7 | 4 | PDMAEMA [35]; qP4VP [35] |
| Actin | 42.1 | 5.4 | −13 | pLK and pRE [69] |
| β-lactoglobulin | 19.9 | 5.0 | −7 | hyaluronic acid [40];tragacanthin [40]; lactoferrin [46]; gelatin B [48]; pectin [70] |
| BSA | 69.3 | 6.2 | −12 | PAA and PAH [37]; pLK and pRE [38]; hyaluronic acid [45]; pDK [71]; gelatin B [72]; gelatin B and β-lactoglobulin [16,73]; RPC-bPEI [74] |
| C-terminal histone 1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 45 | dsDNA [63] |
| GFP | ~27.8 | 6.6 | −7 | PDDA and ATP [3]; qP4VP [49]; PEI [49]; PLL [49] |
| supercharged GFP | ~28 | - | +36 to −30 | RNA [41,42]; DNA [41,42]; PAA [41]; PSS [41]; supercharged GFP [42]; qP4VP [49]; PEI [49]; PLL [49] |
| glucose oxidase | 63.3 | 5.1 | −28 | insulin and DgHBP-2 [34] |
| Histone | 30–70 | N/A | N/A | ssDNA [75] |
| LAF-1 | 76.3 | 7.1 | −2 | RNA [58] |
| lysozyme | 14.3 | 7.3 | 8 | PDMAEMA [35] 3; qP4VP [35] 3; PAA and PDMAEMA [36]; RPA-bPEI [74]; ovalbumin [76]; pectin [77]; HAMA and CSMA [78] |
| mfp-1 | 108 | 10.0 | 189 | hyaluronic acid [52]; MADQUAT [56] |
| monoclonal antibody | 145 | 8.3 | N/A | hyaluronic acid [40] |
| myoglobin 3 | 17.1 | 7.8 | 0 | PDMAEMA [35]; qP4VP [35] |
| Ovalbumin | 42.7 | 5.3 | −12 | Pectin [79]; lysozyme [76] |
| RNase 3 | 16.5 | 8.6 | 6 | PDMAEMA [35]; qP4VP [35] |
| tau | 78.9 | 6.7 | −7 | RNA [80] |
| Whi 3 | 71.3 | 8.4 | 4 | RNA [59] |
| zein | 26.5 | 6.2 | 2 | dsDNA [81]; Pectin [82] |
1 The approximate protein charge of the unmodified protein was determined using isolated side chain pKa values and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. 2 Abbreviations used here: ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CSMA: chondroitin sulfate methacrylate; Dg-HBP-2; histidine rich humboldt squid beak protein; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; dsDNA: double stranded DNA; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HAMA: hyaluronic acid methacrylate; MADQUAT: poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt; PAA: poly(acrylic acid); PAH: poly(allylamine hydrochloride); PDDA: poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride); PDMAEMA: poly(N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate); pDK: poly-d-lysine; pLK: poly-l-lysine; pRE: poly-d,l-glutamic acid; PSS: polystyrene sulfonate; qP4VP: poly(4-vinyl N-methyl pyridinium iodide); RNA: ribonucleic acid; RPA-bPEI: branched polyethyleneimine reducible polyanion; RPC-bPEI: branched polyethyleneimine reducible polycation. 3 These proteins were used in a modified form with an unspecified charge.