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. 2019 Apr 18;11(4):188. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040188

Figure 6.

Figure 6

M2e-specific IgG antibodies, inflammatory IL-6 cytokine, and lung viral titers. Levels of IgG antibodies and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) samples collected from mice were determined at day 4 post-challenge (N = 4) at 8 weeks after boost vaccination. (A) IgG antibody level to A/California/04/09 (H1N1) virus. (B) M2e specific IgG antibody responses to M2e peptide. IgG antibody responses were determined by ELISA using inactivated influenza virus (A/Cal) or human type M2e peptide as a coating antigen (4 ug/mL). (C) Inflammatory IL-6 cytokine in BALF. IL-6 was determined by a cytokine ELISA (N = 4). (D) Lung viral titers. Lung viral titers were determined by an egg inoculation assay day 4 post challenge (N = 4). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; pg, picogram. MN: skin immunization by MN patch, IM: intramuscular needle injection immunization. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-multiple comparison test were performed. *; p < 0.05, **; p < 0.01, ***; p < 0.001 between the marked groups.