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. 2019 Apr 1;11(4):584. doi: 10.3390/polym11040584

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Schematic illustration of the experimental setup for caffeic acid polymerization via oxidative and UV irradiation processes on a stainless steel 316L substrate and the proposed mechanism for the polymerization of caffeic acid. (B) Photographs of the caffeic acid solution after UV irradiation at different pH levels in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution.