Table 1.

Naturally occurring small RNAs and their target genes in cross-kingdom interactions.

sRNA	From	To	Target Genes	Reference
miR-515-5p	H. sapiens/M. musculus	F. nucleatum	16S rRNA	[31]
miR-1226-5p	H. sapiens/M. musculus	E. coli	yegH	[31]
Bc-siR3.2	B. cinerea	A. thaliana	MPK2 and MPK1	[32]
Bc-siR3.1	B. cinerea	A. thaliana	PRXIIF	[32]
Bc-siR5	B. cinerea	A. thaliana	WAK	[32]
Bc-siR3.2	B. cinerea	S. lycopersicum	MAPKKK4	[32]
Bc-siR37	B. cinerea	A. thaliana	WRKY7, PMR6 and FEI2	[35]
Pst-milR1	P. striiformis f. sp. tritici	T. aestivum	PR2	[43]
vsiR1378	GFkV	V. vinifera	S2P metalloprotease	[41]
vsiR6978	GRSPaV	V. vinifera	VPS55	[41]
miR166	G. hirsutum	V. dahliae	Clp-1	[12]
miR159	G. hirsutum	V. dahliae	HiC-15	[12]
miR2911	L. japonica	IAVs	PB2 and NS1	[48]
miR162a	B. campestris	A. mellifera	amTOR	[57]
miR168a *	O. sativa	H. sapiens/M. musculus	LDLRAP1	[58]
miR159	B. oleracea var. botrytis	H. sapiens	TCF7	[70]

The ‘From’ and ‘To’ columns indicate the direction of RNAi transmission signals. * miR168a needs to be further validated in animal systems because of controversial studies [58,59]. The underlined B. oleracea var. botrytis, which is called broccoli, was particularly rich in miR159 by profiling the abundance of it in several commonly consumed plants and only a minority of miR159 was degraded after cooking, so we speculated that miR159 derived from broccoli.